Healthy Eating Archives - Clardoon Health

Posted on: July 1, 2024May 29, 2024

Does Sugar in Coffee Pose Health Risks? Here’s What We Found

Recent headlines sparked a flurry of debate over the health implications of adding sugar to coffee and tea. Some sources claimed it posed no risks, while others warned of dire consequences. So, what’s the reality behind these conflicting assertions? Let’s unpack the findings of the Copenhagen Male Study to shed light on this contentious issue.

What Did the Research Reveal?

The Copenhagen Male Study, conducted over several decades, examined the mortality rates of middle-aged men who consumed coffee or tea with and without sugar. The results initially seemed to suggest a slightly higher mortality rate among sugar users. However, a closer look revealed that this disparity was not statistically significant—a crucial distinction in the realm of scientific inquiry.

In statistical analysis, significance indicates the likelihood that observed differences are not due to random chance. While the study’s findings hinted at a marginal discrepancy between sugar users and non-users, this variance was akin to the fluctuations of a coin toss—insufficient to draw definitive conclusions.

Moreover, the presence of confounding variables, such as smoking or exercise habits, further complicated the interpretation of results. Accounting for these factors nullified any discernible link between sugar consumption and mortality rates.

Key Takeaways

Context Matters: The study underscores the importance of considering the broader context when evaluating dietary habits. While a sprinkle of sugar in coffee or tea may pose minimal risks within a balanced diet, excessive consumption of sugar-laden beverages warrants scrutiny.
Individualised Approach: There’s no one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to nutrition. Understanding your unique circumstances and dietary patterns is essential for crafting tailored solutions. Rather than absorbing blanket statements, reflect on how your dietary choices that align with your health goals.

When it comes to nutrition, our role extends beyond disseminating information. We are also responsible for making informed choices that align with our well-being. By fostering a nuanced understanding of dietary nuances and promoting mindful eating practices, we pave the way for sustainable lifestyle changes that promote long-term health and vitality. What are you waiting for? Let’s rewrite the story of our well-being, one mindful choice at a time, because the transformation you seek begins with the decisions you make today.

References:

Treskes RW, Clausen J, Marott JL, Jensen GB, Holtermann A, Gyntelberg F, et al. Use of sugar in coffee and tea and long-term mortality risk in older adult Danish men: 32 years of follow-up from a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2023 Oct 18;18(10):e0292882.

Kaiser A, Schaefer SM, Behrendt I, Eichner G, Fasshauer M. Association of all-cause mortality with sugar intake from different sources in the prospective cohort of UK Biobank participants. Br J Nutr. 2023 Jul 28;130(2):294–303.

Posted on: June 24, 2024May 29, 2024

The Truth About Ultra-Processed Foods

In the realm of diets and nutrition, there’s one common thread that unites various dietary approaches, from keto to veganism: the emphasis on minimally-processed foods and the caution against ultra-processed ones. But what exactly are ultra-processed foods, and why are they receiving so much attention in the world of health and wellness?

Ultra-processed foods, as the name suggests, undergo extensive processing and bear little resemblance to their whole food origins. Loaded with additives such as sugar, unhealthy fats, sodium, and preservatives, these foods offer minimal nutritional value and often trigger overeating due to their irresistible taste and texture.

Decades of research have linked ultra-processed foods to a myriad of health issues, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, mental health disorders, and even all-cause mortality. A recent study published in the British Medical Journal reinforces these findings, shedding light on the detrimental effects of ultra-processed foods on our well-being.

Conducted as an umbrella review—a comprehensive analysis of existing reviews and meta-analyses—the study scrutinised data from 14 meta-analyses involving over 9.8 million participants. The findings revealed a staggering 32 harmful health effects associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods, ranging from chronic diseases to mental health disorders.

Key Takeaways

Understanding the Strengths and Weaknesses of Research: While the study offers valuable insights, it’s essential to acknowledge its limitations. While the large participant pool and meticulous analysis bolster its credibility, the reliance on observational studies limits its ability to establish causation.
Emphasising Overall Dietary Quality: Rather than demonising individual foods, the study underscores the importance of dietary patterns. Habitual consumption of ultra-processed foods correlates with poorer health outcomes, highlighting the significance of prioritising whole, minimally-processed foods in our diets.
Questioning Classification Systems: The study utilised the NOVA Food Classification System to categorise foods, which may not always align with practical dietary advice. You may find it more beneficial to focus on an approach that emphasises whole foods while allowing for flexibility and enjoyment.

While the findings of this study reinforce the importance of minimising ultra-processed foods in our diets, it’s essential to adopt a balanced approach that prioritises whole, nutrient-dense foods while acknowledging individual preferences and dietary patterns.

If you’re seeking guidance on crafting a nutrition plan tailored to your needs, don’t hesitate to reach out. Together, let’s navigate the complex landscape of nutrition and cultivate habits that support vibrant health and vitality.

References:

Lane MM, Gamage E, Du S, Ashtree DN, McGuinness AJ, Gauci S, et al. Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses. BMJ. 2024 Feb 28;384:e077310.

Posted on: March 4, 2024March 5, 2024

Decoding the Diet Battle: Vegan vs. Omnivorous – What You Need to Know

Ever wondered what would happen if veganism went head-to-head with the classic omnivorous lifestyle? Well, buckle up because we’re about to spill the beans on a groundbreaking study that unraveled the mysteries behind these dietary powerhouses.

The Showdown

Imagine the scene: forks clashing with knives, fruits gearing up against flanks and shanks. In a recent face-off, researchers from Stanford University orchestrated a showdown between 22 sets of identical twins. One twin in each duo embraced the vegan life for eight weeks, while their counterpart stuck to the omnivorous route. It was a diet duel for the ages!

Guess who emerged as the victor? The vegans, hands down! Not only did they shed more weight than their omnivorous counterparts, but they also flaunted improved health markers. Lower fasting insulin and LDL cholesterol levels were their badges of honour, while the omnivores remained relatively unchanged. A surprise victory, but there’s more to the story.

The Plot Twists

The vegan warriors did experience a dip in ‘good’ cholesterol (HDL) and a drop in vitamin B12 levels, but nothing to lose sleep over. Differences in fiber and saturated fat intake, especially from legumes and whole grains, played a role in these changes.

Here’s What You Need to Know

Balanced Choices Trump Extreme Diets: Whether you’re team vegan or omnivorous, the key is balance. Extreme diets might bring short-term wins, but the real victory lies in making sustainable, balanced choices. It’s all about long-term health, not a quick fix.
Navigating the Learning Curve: Thinking of tiptoeing into a more plant-based lifestyle? Take it easy! Gradual changes are the secret sauce. Swap out a meaty dinner for a plant-powered one once a week. It’s about progress, not perfection.
Universality of Healthy Eating: Here’s the golden rule: healthy eating is universal. Load up on minimally processed foods, get that protein in, and paint your plate with a rainbow of fruits and veggies. Your body will thank you, whether you’re munching on kale or embracing the occasional steak.

In the end, it’s not about declaring a winner in the diet duel. It’s about finding what works for you – a diet that fuels your energy, supports your health, and lets you enjoy the journey. So, whether you’re slicing into a juicy steak or savouring a vibrant salad, here’s to a healthy, balanced life!

References:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.44457

http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048996

Posted on: February 26, 2024January 31, 2024

A Closer Look at the Link Between Body Image and Eating Habits

Let’s talk real for a moment. Ever feel like your body is constantly under a magnifying glass, and the standards set for beauty seem like an impossible feat? You’re not alone. In fact, being dissatisfied with your body is more common than being content with it. It’s like an uninvited guest in our minds, fueled by societal norms and internalised beauty standards.

So, here’s the scoop. Scientists at Kenyon College have delved into the world of body image, and it’s a rollercoaster of thoughts and emotions. Many of us carry an idealised image of what an “attractive” body should look like – slim for women, muscular for men. But here’s the kicker – we struggle to see ourselves measuring up, regardless of our actual appearance.

If this sounds like a familiar script of body image blues, you’re spot on. And while having some body image concerns is normal, it becomes a big deal when it starts playing a leading role in your thoughts, pushing you towards disordered eating behaviours. Enter a recent study published in Appetite that aimed to uncover the specific body image concerns that might lead to full-blown eating disorders. Let’s dive into the findings.

The Body Image Detective: Unmasking the Concerns

The researchers examined various behaviours and thought patterns related to body image concerns. From constant body checking to avoiding mirrors and fearing negative appearance evaluations, they uncovered the intricate dance between our perceptions and actions.

What the Study Unveiled

Gender Disparities: Brace yourself – women were found to be way more likely to grapple with negative body image than men. Media and societal norms often spotlight women’s bodies, setting an unrealistic standard that many find challenging to embrace.
Link Between Concerns and Behaviours: The study linked higher levels of body image concerns to increased disordered eating behaviours. In simpler terms, the more negative a person’s body image, the more likely they were to engage in behaviours like food restriction, bingeing, and purging.

Insights for a Brighter Path

Empathy for Women: Ladies, society often bombards you with specific ideals of beauty. It’s crucial to acknowledge that these standards can impact how you feel about your body, influencing your choices in eating, exercise, and lifestyle habits. Remember, it’s okay not to conform to unrealistic expectations.
Watch for Warning Signs: If someone seems to be struggling with negative body image, keep an eye out for potential disordered eating habits lurking nearby. The mind and body are deeply interconnected, and addressing these concerns early on can make a significant difference.
Beyond Appearances: A person’s body size doesn’t necessarily reflect how they feel about it. Don’t assume someone with a higher BMI dislikes their body, or that those with seemingly “ideal” shapes are content. Listen actively, without judgment, as everyone’s journey with body image is unique.

Remember, the intricacies of body image, disordered eating, and overall health are deeply personal and don’t adhere to a specific “look.” It’s about understanding what’s going on inside, fostering a compassionate approach towards ourselves and others. Let’s break free from the chains of unrealistic standards and embark on a journey of self-love and acceptance. You’ve got this!

References:

https://www.routledge.com/The-Prevention-of-Eating-Problems-and-Eating-Disorders-Theories-Research/Levine-Smolak/p/book/9781138225107

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666323025448?via%3Dihub

Posted on: January 22, 2024December 3, 2023

Unlocking the Mystery of Obesity: The Protein Leverage Hypothesis

The puzzle of obesity is one that humanity has grappled with for centuries. How did we, with all our cognitive prowess, succumb to the temptations of modern diets? A groundbreaking study exploring the protein leverage hypothesis sheds light on an ancient biological mechanism that might just hold the key to understanding our collective struggle with weight.

What is Protein Leverage?

At its core, protein leverage suggests that humans, much like other species, have a built-in appetite for protein. This craving for protein guides our overall food consumption. Astonishingly, we continue eating until our protein needs are met, often consuming more calories than necessary to maintain a healthy weight.

However, it’s not merely about the quantity of protein; it’s about the ratio of protein to other macronutrients. This intricate dance of macronutrients influences our appetite in unexpected ways.

Protein Dilution: The Culprit in the Obesity Epidemic?

Even a slight “dilution” of protein in our diets, a decrease in the percentage of calories from protein coupled with an increase in calories from carbs and fat, can trigger a significant increase in overall food intake. This protein leverage mechanism explains, to a large extent, the surge in obesity rates.

Picture it as a lever—protein exerts leverage over our appetite, compelling us to consume more than required. And where do we find these highly diluted protein meals? Enter highly processed foods, particularly those high in fat and low in protein. The energy-dense nature of fat makes overconsumption all too easy.

The Feedback Loop of Weight Gain

As we gain weight, a feedback loop fueled by protein leverage is set in motion. A larger body demands more protein, leading us to consume more food in the quest for this essential nutrient. The result? An endless cycle of weight gain.

Yet, protein leverage isn’t a linear game. It’s most potent when calories from protein hover between 10 to 15 percent. A small dilution of protein within this range can significantly impact our appetite. However, when protein is excessively diluted and protein calories drop to around 5 percent, our bodies seem to hit the protein leverage “off” switch, curbing hunger.

Navigating the Protein Leverage Landscape

Not All Dilution is Equal: Interestingly, not all protein dilution is detrimental. A plant-based diet, naturally lower in protein, doesn’t trigger an increase in calorie consumption, thanks to the presence of fibre and water.
The Unknowns: While the protein leverage hypothesis provides a fascinating perspective on obesity, it’s essential to acknowledge the vast unknowns. Protein requirements vary significantly among individuals, influenced by factors such as age, weight, health, physical activity, and body composition.

While the protein leverage hypothesis contributes valuable insights into the obesity puzzle, it’s crucial to recognise the complexity of the issue. Obesity is a multifaceted problem with diverse contributing factors. Understanding protein leverage opens a door to comprehension, but the journey to solving the obesity mystery involves exploring a myriad of interconnected pathways. As we delve deeper into the intricate dance of macronutrients, we move one step closer to unravelling the secrets of our collective battle with weight.

References:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912198107

http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0212

http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa044

http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.22531

http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112661

Posted on: December 25, 2023December 3, 2023

Are Your Snacking Habits Undermining Your Diet?

In the jolly Christmas season, as everything feels festive, there’s a tug-of-war between good meals and those tempting snacks. Imagine doing great with your breakfast, lunch, and dinner, feeling like a healthy-eating champion. But, oh boy, then come the snacks. That moment when pantry chips or breakroom brownies wave at you, and suddenly, indulging a bit too much becomes a daily thing. Recently, researchers from King’s College London dived into this everyday tale, shining a light on our snacking ways and how they might be messing with our health goals.

How the Study Worked

Researchers dug into the food logs of 854 individuals over 13 days as part of a broader diet study. The goal was to define what constitutes a snack and assess the quality of these mini-meals using a Snack Diet Index (SDI) that rated foods based on processing levels.

In this study, a snack was any food or drink with calories consumed at least 30 minutes before or after a meal. “Healthy” or “unhealthy” was determined using the Snack Diet Index, favouring whole foods over highly processed ones.

Key Findings

The study unearthed intriguing patterns in snacking behaviours. A staggering 95% of participants embraced at least one daily snack, contributing a significant 25% to their daily calorie intake. Notably, snacks exhibited a tendency toward higher carbs and lower protein than main meals. The surprising revelation was the weak correlation between the quality of meals and snacks; individuals grappled with high-quality meals but struggled with low-quality snacks, and vice versa. Strikingly, frequent indulgence in high-quality snacks correlated with lower body fat, with nuts and seeds emerging as top-tier choices and cakes and pies falling into the low-quality category. For those classified as overweight or obese, opting for higher-quality snacks correlated with reduced hunger and lower insulin levels. Additionally, the timing of snacks played a role, as morning snackers leaned towards higher-quality, lower-calorie options in contrast to their evening counterparts.

Key Takeaways

Celebrate Success: If you’re acing those main meals, that’s a win. Acknowledge and celebrate those habits as the foundation for progress.
Explore Root Causes: Instead of a simple snack swap, dig into why you snack. Is it stress, meal satisfaction, or mindless munching? Address the root cause for lasting change.
Consider the Environment: Your surroundings matter. Prep and have easy access to healthy snacks – after all, if it’s there, chances are it’ll be eaten.

Your journey to well-being involves more than just meals; snacks play a crucial part. Just in time for the holidays, celebrate your successes in creating healthy meals and navigate snack challenges with a problem-solving mindset. Dive into why certain snacking habits persist, examine your environment, and remember the power of preparation. Your nutrition adventure is dynamic—each intentional snack choice is a step toward a healthier, happier you.

References:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03241-6

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16210

Posted on: November 13, 2023November 13, 2023

French Fries vs. Almonds: A Surprising 30-Day Study

For 30 days, a group of lucky participants got to enjoy a daily serving of French fries. Sounds like a dream, right? But this was no ordinary feast; it was a scientific experiment conducted by researchers from the University of Alabama-Birmingham. The goal? To test a fascinating hypothesis: would there be any difference in fat gain between those who added 300 calories of French fries to their daily diet compared to those who added 300 calories of almonds? Let’s dig into this study to uncover the results.

Background

Observational studies have suggested a link between potato consumption, especially in the form of French fries and chips, and weight gain. However, these studies show correlation, not causation, leaving room for speculation. One possibility is that people who consume more potatoes might lead overall unhealthier lifestyles or have a tendency to overeat in general. Researchers acknowledge the limitations of such studies and cite a meta-analysis that indicates people tend to gain less weight than expected when they add energy (in the form of a specific food) to their diet. The theory is that individuals compensate for the extra calories by adjusting their behaviors.

The Study

This study was a randomised, controlled trial that involved 165 participants with an average age of 30 and an average BMI of 26. The majority (68%) were female, and none had type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Participants were divided into three groups:

Group #1: Almonds (the control group)
Group #2: French fries
Group #3: French fries with herb/spice mix

Each group was instructed to consume a pre-packaged, 300-calorie serving of their assigned food daily, with no other dietary modification instructions provided. Group #3 received an additional herb/spice mix to determine if it influenced the results. The researchers aimed to examine whether the herb/spice mix would affect how the participants’ bodies processed the calories.

Study Findings

The study found no significant differences in changes in fat mass between the groups. There were also no notable differences in body weight between the almond group and the French fries with the herb/spice mix group.

However, the group that consumed regular French fries (without the herb/spice mix) did experience a statistically different change in body weight compared to both the almond group and the herb/spice mix group.

Key Points to Consider

Short-Term Study: It’s crucial to note that this study was relatively short-term. While it measured changes in fat mass and body weight, it couldn’t assess the long-term health impact of such dietary changes over years or decades.
Lack of Monitoring: The researchers couldn’t monitor participants’ actual food intake or adherence to the dietary instructions. Whether participants followed the instructions precisely and consistently for 30 days remains unknown, making the differences in body weight less conclusive.
Potential Conflicts of Interest: The study received partial support from the Alliance for Potato Research and Education and included food donations from J.R. Simplot Company. Additionally, some of the researchers had received funding from the Almond Board and the Alliance for Potato Research and Education. While these factors were disclosed and didn’t affect the study’s methodology, they’re essential to consider when interpreting the results.

What You Can Learn from This Study

Food Choices Matter: While the study suggests that adding 300 calories of French fries may not lead to more fat gain than the same calories from almonds, remember that the type of food you choose matters in your overall diet. Some foods are more satisfying and better for weight management than others.
Nutrient-Rich Potatoes: Potatoes, including French fries, have nutritional benefits. They contain resistant starch and dietary fibre, which can make you feel full and support your digestive health. Plus, they provide essential vitamins and minerals.
Plain Potatoes are Satisfying: Research has shown that plain-boiled potatoes are quite filling. They rank high on the “Satiety Index,” meaning they can help you feel satisfied with your meal. However, it’s often the toppings and additions like salt, oil, butter, and sour cream that contribute extra calories and may lead to weight gain.
Consider Your Overall Diet: When making food choices, think about your entire diet and how different foods fit into it. It’s not just about one meal, but how your daily food choices align with your health and fitness goals.

In conclusion, this study offers insights into short-term effects, but remember that the bigger picture of your diet and individual preferences is vital for long-term health and weight management. As you make food choices, focus on balance and sustainability to achieve your health and fitness objectives.

Posted on: October 2, 2023October 3, 2023

The Potato Paradox: Rediscovering this Nutrient Powerhouse

Our culture has not always been kind to the humble potato. For generations, “peeling potatoes” was synonymous with punishment and drudgery. Today, potatoes are often considered a treat only in their “worst” forms, such as chips or fries. But even when they’re baked or boiled, potatoes are sometimes still disparaged. Low-carb advocates highlight that 90 percent of the potato’s calories come from neither protein nor fat, while others compare them unfavourably to sweet potatoes. However, a recent study aims to debunk the myths and misinformation surrounding the simple spud, advocating for a more prominent role in a healthy diet.

Background

In the past, doctors and nutritionists often oversimplified carbohydrates and fats, with the former viewed as vastly superior. While some recognized the complexity, differentiating between types of fats was easier than categorizing carbohydrates. However, models like the 10:1 ratio of fibre to carbohydrates sought to differentiate “high quality” and “low quality” carbohydrates. This classification placed starchy vegetables, including potatoes, in the same category as highly-processed foods.

What the Study Found

In this study, scientists re-assessed carb-rich foods with additional criteria like mineral content and energy density. Interestingly, starchy vegetables, including potatoes, scored well in these assessments, sometimes even surpassing whole grains. This aligns more with the nutrient content of potatoes and offers a better perspective on their nutritional value.

A Potential Conflict of Interest

The study received support from industry groups, which should be noted but doesn’t necessarily invalidate the findings. It’s crucial to consider potential biases in such cases. While industry-funded studies are common, transparency and sound methodology are key.

Key Takeaways

Potatoes Deserve a Second Look: It’s time to reconsider the role of potatoes in your diet. Don’t let myths about their nutritional value hold you back. Both sweet and white potatoes offer essential nutrients, low energy density, and unique benefits.
Feel Full and Satisfied: Despite their reputation, potatoes are incredibly satisfying. They rank high on the satiety index, keeping you fuller for longer. This means you can enjoy them without constantly feeling hungry.
It’s About Preparation: The real issue with potatoes often lies in how we prepare and top them. Instead of blaming the spud, focus on healthier cooking methods and toppings. Small changes can lead to more significant improvements over time.

Rediscover the potato as a versatile and nutritious addition to your meals. It’s time to separate fact from fiction and enjoy this humble yet powerful vegetable.

References:

http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.867378

http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192703

http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.13771

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7498104

Posted on: August 28, 2023August 29, 2023

Understanding Ultra-Processed Foods: 5 Key Insights for Better Health

When it comes to our diet, we’ve all heard that consuming excessive soft drinks, fast food, and sugary treats isn’t the path to optimal health. But what does the data really say about the impact of ultra-processed foods on our well-being? Recent research from China delved into this question, analysing data from various studies involving over 334,000 individuals worldwide. The findings shed light on the connection between highly processed foods and health outcomes, revealing some valuable insights that can guide our dietary choices and approaches.

1. Ultra-Processed Foods and Health Consequences

The comprehensive analysis highlighted that individuals who consumed the highest amounts of ultra-processed foods faced the most adverse health outcomes. These outcomes ranged from heart disease and high blood pressure to metabolic syndrome, obesity, and even depression. Consuming 30 percent or more of daily calories from these foods was associated with an increased risk of various health issues.

2. Nutritional Composition Matters

Ultra-processed foods often contain excessive amounts of fat, sugar, and salt, while lacking essential nutrients such as fibre, vitamins, and minerals. Their hyper-palatability triggers our brain’s reward system, leading to cravings and overeating. This nutrient-poor quality makes them easy to overconsume and can crowd out healthier, minimally-processed whole foods.

3. Moderation and Context are Key

Rather than demonising all processed foods, context matters. The research emphasised that placing certain foods on a strict “never” list might backfire. Instead, finding a balance that keeps ultra-processed foods within a range of 10 to 20 percent of daily intake, with the rest coming from whole foods, can offer a more sustainable and realistic approach.

4. Gradual Changes for a Long-lasting Impact

Just as with training a puppy, gradual changes often yield better results in improving dietary habits. Adopting small, manageable adjustments in your eating patterns can lead to lasting change. Examples include incorporating wholegrain buns, adding vegetables to pizza, or opting for a piece of fruit before indulging in snack chips.

5. Uncover the Underlying Issues

Before cutting back on ultra-processed foods, it’s crucial to dig deeper into our motivations for choosing these foods. Factors such as busy schedules, emotional eating, lack of sleep, cultural influences, and availability of healthier options can drive these choices. Addressing the root causes can lead to more effective and sustainable changes.

The relationship between ultra-processed foods and our health is complex, influenced by a combination of factors including nutrient content, moderation, and individual circumstances. Hence, it’s vital to approach this topic with an open mind, understanding that context matters and that sustainable changes come from small, achievable adjustments. By leaning towards a balanced and mindful approach to your diet, you can make choices that support your overall well-being.

References:

https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-020-00604-1

https://www.bmj.com/content/365/bmj.l1451

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31623843/

http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017002853

https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/684394

Posted on: August 21, 2023August 21, 2023

How Your Appetite Responds Under Stress

Stress is like an unwelcome guest that often overstays its welcome. Whether it’s work deadlines, family responsibilities, or unexpected challenges, stress can be hard to avoid. But have you ever wondered how stress might be influencing your eating habits? Recent research suggests that stress doesn’t just play with our emotions; it might also have a surprising impact on our appetite. In this article, we’ll delve into a fascinating study that unravels the intricate relationship between stress, body composition, and food preferences.

Imagine this: brain scans, freezing-cold water, and a menu filled with both food and office supplies. Sounds intriguing, right? Researchers at Johns Hopkins University designed a study to explore how stress affects the appetite of individuals with different body compositions. They recruited 29 participants—17 with obesity and 12 lean individuals, and subjected them to both physical and social stressors.

The participants underwent brain scans using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while exposed to different stress levels. The catch? They were shown food cues alongside words like “rubber bands” and “staple remover.” This unique approach aimed to uncover how stress impacts desire and restraint, especially in the realm of eating.

Stress vs. Appetite: Lean vs. Obesity

As the saying goes, “lean and hungry,” and this study provides a real-life example. Lean participants displayed higher levels of wanting and hunger in response to the presented food cues. Interestingly, they craved everything, from energy-dense foods like pizza to low-calorie options like fruits and vegetables. Even non-food items like office supplies seemed appealing to them.

When finally given the chance to eat after a nine-and-a-half-hour fasting period, lean participants consumed around 1,000 calories. But here’s the twist: under higher-stress conditions, they actually consumed more fruits and vegetables compared to when they weren’t stressed.

Conversely, participants with obesity showed lower wanting scores and higher restraint scores. However, their eating behavior told a different story. When presented with an all-you-can-eat buffet, those with obesity consumed approximately 1,400 calories in the non-stress condition and nearly 1,600 calories under stress. Furthermore, they gravitated towards energy-dense foods like pizza during the high-stress phase of the study.

Digging deeper, the study also explored how participants’ brains reacted to food cues during fMRI scans. Notably, those with obesity exhibited lower activation in brain regions linked to self-control when contemplating higher-energy-density foods. However, they showed more activation in reward-seeking areas under high-stress conditions.

Key Takeaways

1. Genetics and Appetite:

This study underscores the influence of genetics on eating behaviors, particularly under stress. Brain activation patterns and eating responses suggest that individuals might be predisposed to consume more in high-stress situations. Lower impulse control has also been linked to a higher risk of obesity in other studies.

2. Stress Management for Weight Management

While there’s no magic solution for weight loss, managing stress could significantly impact its success. Stress and food often go hand in hand, but turning to food for comfort rarely solves the underlying issue. Doing the “pick a thing before the thing” practice, such as taking a short walk or sipping water before eating, can help create a mental buffer between stress and eating.

Stress and appetite have a complex relationship that can be influenced by body composition and genetics. While stress may push some to eat more, it could drive others to avoid certain foods. By understanding these dynamics, we can empower ourselves to make more mindful choices, even in high-stress situations. Remember, the goal isn’t to eliminate the connection between food and emotions but rather to create a healthy space between the two—a space where our well-being and nourishment can coexist harmoniously.

References:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271915

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.052

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.041